Thomas Harter, Ph.D.
Robert M. Hagan Endowed Chair, Water Management and Policy
Cooperative Extension Specialist (Professor),  Groundwater Hydrology
Department of Land, Air and Water Resources
University of California, Davis, CA 95616-8628

Telephone: (530) 752-2709 Fax: (530) 752-5262 E-mail: thharter@ucdavis.edu Web: Cooperative Extension Program in Groundwater Hydrology

Relevant Scientific and Professional Experience:

since March 1995: Cooperative Extension Specialist, University of California, Davis

1994-1995: Consultant with Errol L. Montgomery and Associates, Tucson, Arizona

1990-1994: Research Associate and Postdoctoral Fellow, University of Arizona

1987-1989: Research Assistant, Universität Stuttgart, Germany

1986-1987: Hydrologist Intern, Pima Association of Governments, Tucson, Arizona

Education:

• PhD, Hydrology, University of Arizona, 1994
• MS(Diplom), Physical Geography/Hydrology, Universität Freiburg & Universität Stuttgart, Germany, 1989
• BS (Vordiplom), Physical Geography/Hydrology, Universität Freiburg, 1985

Honors, Fellowships, Awards:

2007-current, Robert M. Hagan Endowed Chair, Water Management and Policy
2007, Kevin J. Neese Award, Groundwater Resources Association of California
1991/92, Harshbarger Fellow, University of Arizona
1985/86, Fulbright Scholar, University of Arizona
1983/89, Fellow of the Studienstiftung des Deutschen Volkes, Bonn, Germany

Society Memberships:

American Geophysical Union
European Geophysical Union
International Association of Hydrologic Science
National Ground Water Association
Groundwater Resources Association of California

Professional Committee Memberships (Current)

• Groundwater Resources Association of California, Board Member
• American Geophysical Union, Hydrology Section, Technical Committee Member
• Scott Valley/Klamath Basin Water Committee
• California Dairy Quality Assurance Program
• Tulare County Water Commission, Nitrate Committee
• Ca. County Departments of Env. Health Water Well TAC
• ASCE, Stochastic Methods in Subsurface Hydrology
• Nitrate TAC, Monterey County

Editorial Responsibilities:

• Associate Editor, Water Resources Research
• Associate Editor, Vadose Zone Journal

Reviewer for

• Water Resources Research
• Journal of Hydrology, Journal of Contaminant Hydrology
• Journal of Environmental Quality
• Journal of Environmental Science and Technology
• Transport in Porous Media
• Ground Water
• Vadose Zone Journal
• ASCE Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
• USDA (proposal reviews)
• NSF (proposal reviews)

Representative Project Experience

Deep Vadose Zone Characterization and Flow/Contaminant Transport Modeling; Principal investigator on several studies to investigate deep groundwater recharge and nitrate/pesticide transport in thick, heterogeneous, alluvial vadose zones; including field characterization, laboratory measurements, and advanced computer modeling.

Groundwater Modeling Research Projects; Principal investigator on projects involving the development of basin groundwater- and surface water models, e.g., for the development of a conjunctive use management strategy in a 1,500 sq. mile watershed, eastern Tulare Lake Basin, California, and for protecting base-flow conditions in the Scott River, Klamath Basin, California; development of a regional stochastic groundwater model for the assessment of deep groundwater contamination from shallow saline water in a 550 square mile watershed in the Western San Joaquin Valley, California. Modeling projects involve model conceptualization, data compilation, data processing, integration of geostatistical, GIS, database, and groundwater modeling software (GSLIB, ArcGIS, MS Access, MODFLOW, MT3D, RWHET), programming (Fortran, Matlab, Comsol), model calibration, application, and research.

Contaminant Emission and SubsurfaceTransport in (Animal) Agriculture; Principal Investigator and Co-Investigator on a suite of research and extension projects dealing with groundwater contamination from dairies and other confined animal facilities, and from other agricultural landuses; long-term pollution; field reconnaissance, monitoring, groundwater modeling (flow, transport, quality); development of monitoring networks and best management practices; environmental fate and transport of salts, nitrate, pathogens (Cryptosporidium, E. Coli H7 O157, Salmonella, Campylobacter), antibiotics and other pharmaceuticals, steroid hormones, groundwater forensics related to animal farming; mathematical/computational methods for fate and transport modeling, upscaling across bench-, plot-, field-, farm-, to regional scale.

Pathogen Transport of C. parvum in Porous Media; Principal Investigator and Co-Investigator on two projects to develop a quantitative model, to estimate transport properties of Cryptosporidium parvum in porous media, and to evaluate the role of subsurface transport in buffer strips near surface waters.

Publications:

Megdal, S. B., R. Hamann, T. Harter, J. W. Jawitz, J. M. Jess, 2009. Water, People, and the Future: Water Availability for Agriculture in the United States, Council for Agricultural Science and Technology, Issue Paper 44 (free public access), 20 p.

VanderSchans, M. L., T. Harter, A. Leijnse, M. C. Mathews, R. D. Meyer, 2009. Characterizing sources of nitrate leaching from an irrigated dairy farm in Merced County, California, J. of Contam. Hydrology 110:9-21, (pdf file for personal use only).

Harter, T., 2009. Agricultural impacts on groundwater nitrate, Southwest Hydrology 8(4):21-23 (Jul/Aug 2009) . (free public access)

Botros, F. E., T. Harter, Y. S. Onsoy, A. Tuli, J. W. Hopmans, 2009. Spatial variability of hydraulic properties and sediment characteristics in a deep alluvial unsaturated zone. Vadose Zone Journal 8:276–289 doi:10.2136/vzj2008.0087 (free public access)

Horn, J. and T. Harter, 2009. Domestic well capture zone and influence of the gravel pack length. Ground Water 47(2):277-286. (pdf file for personal use only)

Vereecken, H., T. Kamai, T. Harter, R. Kasteel, J. W. Hopmans, J. A. Huisman, and J. Vanderborght, 2008. Comment on “Field observations of soil moisture variability across scales” by James S. Famiglietti et al., Water Resour. Res., 44, W12601, doi:10.1029/2008WR006911. (pdf file for personal use only)

Watanabe, N., T. Harter, and B. A. Bergamaschi, 2008. Environmental occurrence and shallow groundwater detection of the antibiotic Monensin from dairy farms. J. Environ. Qual. 37:S-78–S-85 (2008). doi:10.2134/jeq2007.0371. (pdf file for personal use only)

Harter, T. and L. Rollins (eds.), 2008. Watersheds, Groundwater, and Drinking Water - A Practical Guide. University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources Publication 3497. 274pp.

Rains, M.C., R. A. Dahlgren, G. E. Fogg, T. Harter, and R. J. Williamson, 2008. Geological control of physical and chemical hydrology in California vernal pools. Wetlands 28(2):347-362. (pdf file for personal use only)

Chomycia, J.C., P.J. Hernes, T. Harter, and B.A. Bergamaschi, 2008. Land management impacts on dairy-derived dissolved organic carbon in ground water. J. Env. Qual. 37(2), 333-343. doi:10.2134/jeq2007.0183.

Harter, T., E.R. Atwill, L.L. Hou, B.M. Karle, and K.W. Tate, 2008. Developing risk models of Cryptosporidium transport in soils from vegetated, tilted soilbox experiments. J. Env. Qual. 37(1), 245-258. doi:10.2134/jeq2006.0281.(pdf file for personal use only)

Young, C., W. Wallender, G. Schoups, G. Fogg, B. Hanson, T. Harter, J. Hopmans, R. Howitt, T. Hsiao, S. Panday, K. Tanji, S. Ustins, K. Ward, 2008. Modeling shallow water table evaporation in irrigated regions. J. Irrigation Drainage Systems, in press.

Vereecken, H., T. Kamai, T. Harter, R. Kasteel, J. Hopmans, and J. Vanderborght, 2007. Explaining soil moisture variability as a function of mean soil moisture: A stochastic unsaturated flow perspective, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L22402, doi:10.1029/2007GL031813.

Harter, T. (ed.), 2007. Groundwater Quality Protection: Managing Dairy Manure in the Central Valley of California. University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources Publication 9004(Downloadable from the web), 178 pp.

Singleton, M. J., B. K. Esser, J. E. Moran, G. B. Hudson, W. W. McNab, and T. Harter, 2007. Saturated zone denitrification: Potential for natural attenuation of nitrate contamination in shallow groundwater under dairy operations. Env. Sci. & Technol. 41 (3), 759-765.

Vereecken, H., R. Kasteel, J. Vanderborght, and T. Harter. 2007. Upscaling hydraulic propertes and soil water flow processes in heterogeneous soils: a review. Vadose Zone Journal 6(1), 1-28.

Cortis, A., T. Harter, L. L. Hou, E. R. Atwill, A. I. Packman, P. G. Green, 2007. Transport of Cryptosporidium parvum in porous media: Long-term elution experiments and continuous time random walk filtration modeling. Water Resour. Res. 42(12), W12S13, doi:10.1029/2006WR004897.

Marques. G. F., J. R. Lund, M. R. Leu, M. Jenkins, R. Howitt, T. Harter, S. Hatchett, N. Ruud, and S. Burke, 2006. Economically driven simulation of regional water systems: Friant-Kern, California. J. Water Resour. Planning and Mgmt 132(6):468-479. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2006)132:6(468)

Zhang, H., T. Harter, and B. Sivakumar, 2006. Nonpoint source solute transport normal to aquifer bedding in heterogeneous, Markov chain random fields, Water Resour. Res., Vol. 42, No. 6, W06403, doi 10.1029/2004WR003808 .

Cable-Rains, M., G. E. Fogg, T. Harter, R. A. Dahlgren, and R. J. Williamson, 2006. The role of perched aquifers in hydrological connectivity and biogeochemical processes in vernal pool landscapes, Central Valley, California. Hydrol. Process. 20, 1157–1175. (pdf file for personal use only)

Searcy, K.E., A. I. Packman, E. R. Atwill, and T. Harter, 2006. Deposition of Cryptosporidium oocysts in streambeds. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 72(3):1810-1816. (pdf file for personal use only)

Chang, A., T. Harter, J. Letey, D. Meyer, R. D. Meyer, M. Campbell-Mathews, F. Mitloehner, S. Pettygrove, P. Robinson, R. Zhang, 2006. Managing Dairy Manure in the Central Valley of California; University of California Committee of Experts on Dairy Manure Management Final Report to the Regional Water Quality Control Board, Region 5, Sacramento, June 2005. 178 pp. (pdf file for personal use only)

Harter, T., 2005, Finite-size scaling analysis of percolation in three-dimensional correlated binary Markov chain random fields, Physical Review E 72(2), 26120 (8 pages), DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevE.72.026120. (pdf file for personal use only)

Harter, T.,  Y. S. Onsoy, K. Heeren, M. Denton, G. Weissmann, J. W. Hopmans, W. R. Horwath, 2005. Deep vadose zone hydrology demonstrates fate of nitrate in eastern San Joaquin Valley, California Agriculture 59(2):124-132. (pdf file for personal use only)

Searcy, K. E., A. Packman, E. R. Atwill, and T. Harter, 2005. Association of Cryptosporidium parvum with Suspended Particles: Impact on Oocyst Sedimentation, Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71(2):1072-1078. (pdf file for personal use only)

Sivakumar, B., T. Harter, and H. Zhang, 2005. Solute transport in a heterogeneous aquifer: A search for nonlinar deterministic dynamics, Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics 12(2):211-218. (pdf file for personal use only)

Sivakumar, B., T. Harter, H. Zhang, 2005. A fractal investigation of solute travel time in a heterogeneous aquifer: Transition probability/Markov chain representation, Ecological Modelling 182:355-370. (pdf file for personal use only)

Onsoy, Y. S., T. Harter, T. R. Ginn, W. R. Horwath, 2005. Spatial variability and transport of nitrate in a deep alluvial vadose zone. Vadose Zone J. 4:41-55. (pdf file for personal use only)

Harter, T. and J. Menke, 2005. Cow numbers and water quality - is there a magic number? A groundwater perspective. (revised from: Harter T., 2004, Proceedings, National Alfalfa Symposium, San Diego, December 13-15, 2004. 13 pages). (pdf file for personal use only)

Harter, T. and S. Talozi, 2004. A simple, inexpensive dialysis sampler for small diameter monitoring wells, Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation, Fall 2004, 97-105.

Harter, T., C. Knudby, 2004. Effective conductivity of periodic media with cuboid inclusions. Advances in Water Resources 27(10):1017-1032. (pdf file for personal use only)

Harter, T. and J. W. Hopmans, 2004. Role of Vadose Zone Flow Processes in Regional Scale Hydrology: Review, Opportunities and Challenges. In: Feddes,R.A., G.H. de Rooij and J.C. van Dam, Unsaturated Zone Modeling: Progress, Applications, and Challenges, (Kluwer, 2004), p. 179-208. (pdf file for personal use only).

Kolodziej, E. P., T. Harter, D. L. Sedlak, 2004. Dairy wastewater, aquaculture, and spawning fish as sources of steroid hormones in the aquatic envionrment, Env. Science and Technol. 38, p. 6377-6384. (pdf file for personal use only)

Ruud, N. C., T. Harter, and A. W. Naugle, 2004. Estimation of groundwater pumping as closure to the water balance of a semi-arid irrigated agricultural basin. J. of Hydrology 297:51-73. (pdf file for personal use only)

Nakamura, K., T. Harter, Y. Hirono, H. Horino, and T. Mitsuno, 2004. Assessment of root zone nitrogen leaching as affected by irrigation and nutrient management practices. Vadose Zone J. 3:1353–1366. (pdf file for personal use only)

Vrugt, J. A., G. H. Schoups, J. W. Hopmans, C. Young, W. W. Wallender, T. Harter, W. Bouten. 2004. Inverse modeling of large-scale spatially-distributed vadose zone properties using global optimization, Water Resour. Res.  Vol. 40, No. 6, W06503 10.1029/2003WR002706.

Minasny, B., J. W. Hopmans, T. Harter, S. O. Eching, A. Tuli, M. A. Denton, 2004. Neural networks prediction of soil hydraulic functions for alluvial soils using multistep outflow data, Soil Science Soc. Of Am. Journal 68:417-429.

Harter, T., 2004. Aquifers / Specific yield storage equation / Vulnerability mapping of groundwater resources / Animal farming operations: groundwater quality issues. Wiley Encyplopedia of Water, (in press).

Independent Panel on Appropriate Measurement of Agricultural Water Use, Convened by the California Bay-Delta Authority, Final Report, September 2003.

Wang, Z., L. Wu, T. Harter, J. Lu, W. A. Jury, 2003. A field study of unstable preferential flow during soil water redistribution, Water Resour. Res. 39(4), 10.1029/2001WR000903, 01 April 2003.

Ruud, N. C., T. Harter, A. W. Naugle, 2002. A conjunctive use model for the Tule groundwater sub-basin area in the Southern-Eastern San Joaquin Valley, California, Final Report to the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, November 2002, 196 pages. (pdf file for personal use only)

Atwill, E. R., L. Hou, B. M. Karle, T. Harter, K. W. Tate, R. A. Dahlgren, 2002. Transport of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts through vegetated buffer strips and estimated filtration efficiency, Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68(11), pp. 5517-5527. (pdf file for personal use only)

Harter, T., H. Davis, M. C. Mathews, R. D. Meyer, 2002. Shallow groundwater quality on dairy farms with irrigated forage crops, Journal of Contaminant Hydrology 55 (3-4), pp. 287-315. (pdf file for personal use only)

Harter T., 2002. Stochastic analysis of reactive transport in heterogeneous porous media, in: Govindaraju, R. S. (ed.), Stochastic Methods in Subsurface Contaminant Hydrology, American Society of Civil Engineers, pp. 89-167.

Wang, Z., J. Lu, L. Wu, T. Harter, W. A. Jury, 2002. Visualizing preferential flow paths using ammonium carbonate and a pH-Indicator, Soil Sci. Soc. Of America J., Vol. 66, pp. 347–351.

Ruud, N. C., T. Harter, A. W. Naugle, 2002. A conjunctive use groundwater-surface water flow model for the Tule River groundwater basin in the eastern-central San Joaquin Valley, California; in: Marino, M. A. & S. P. Simonovic, Integrated Water Resources Management, IAHS Publication No. 272, pp. 167-174.

Harter, T., R. D. Meyer, M. C. Mathews, 2002. Nonpoint source pollution from animal farming in semi-arid regions: Spatio-temporal variability and groundwater monitoring strategies; in: Ribeiro, L. (Ed.), 2002, Future Groundwater Resources at Risk, Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference, Lisbon, Portugal, June 2001; pp. 363-372. (pdf file for personal use only)

Harter, T., K. Heeren, and W. R. Horwath. 2002. Nitrate distribution in a deep, alluvial unsaturated zone: Geologic control vs. fertilizer management. Proceedings, 2002 California Plant and Soil Conference, February 5-6, 2002, Fresno, CA, pp. 73-83 (pdf file for personal use only)

Mathews, M. C., E. Swenson, T. Harter, R. D. Meyer, 2001. Matching dairy lagoon nutrient application to crop nitrogen uptake using a flow meter and control valve. ASAE Paper Number 01-2105, 2001 ASAE Annual International Meeting, Sacramento, CA, July 30-August 1, 2001. (pdf file for personal use only)

Harter, T., M. C. Mathews, R. D. Meyer, 2001. Effects of dairy manure nutrient management on shallow groundwater nitrate: a case study. ASAE Meeting Presentation, ASAE Paper Number 01-2192, 2001 ASAE Annual International Meeting, Sacramento, CA, July 30-August 1, 2001; 2001. (pdf file for personal use only)

Tuli, A., M.A. Denton, J.W. Hopmans, T. Harter, and J.L. Mac Intyre. 2001. Multi-step outflow experiment: From soil preparation to parameter estimation . Hydrology program, Dept of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA, Paper number 100037. (pdf file for personal use only)

Harter, T., H. Davis, M. C. Mathews, R. D. Meyer, 2001. Monitoring shallow groundwater nitrogen loading from dairy facilities with irrigated forage crops. ASAE Meeting Presentation, ASAE Paper Number 01-2103, 2001 ASAE Annual International Meeting, Sacramento, CA, July 30-August 1, 2001.  (pdf file for personal use only)

Harter, T., S. Wagner, E. R. Atwill, 2000. Colloid transport and filtration of Cryptosporidium parvum in sandy soils and aquifer sediments, Env. Science and Technology, 34(1), pp. 62-70. (pdf file and pdf-supplement for personal use only)

Harter, T., 2000. Application of stochastic theory in groundwater contamination risk analysis: Suggestions for the consulting geologist/engineer, Theory, Modeling and Field Investigation in Hydrogeology: A special volume in honor of S. P. Neuman's 60th Birthday, Special Book Series, Geological Society of America Paper 348, pp. 43-52.

Ruud, N. C., A. W. Naugle, T. Harter, 1999. A GIS-linked conjunctive use groundwater-surface water flow model for the Tule River basin, southeastern San Joaqin Valley, California, Proceedings, International Conference on Calibration and Reliability in Groundwater Modeling, Zuerich, Switzerland, 20-23 Sept. 1999, pp. 739-744.

Brune, D. E., C. M. Drapcho, D. E. Radcliff, T. Harter, R. Zhang, 1999. Electromagnetic survey to rapidly assess water quality in agricultural watersheds, ASAE Paper No. 99-2176 ASAE 1999Annual International Meeting, ASAE, 2950 Niles Rd., St. Joseph, MI 49085-9659.

Ruud, N. C., T. Harter, 2000. Conditional geostatistical model of alluvial hydrofacies for risk analysis of deep groundwater quality deterioration from shallow salinity, Post-Conference Proceedings, International Conference on Calibration and Reliability in Groundwater Modeling, Zuerich, Switzerland, 20-23 Sept. 1999, IAHS Publication No. 265, Oxfordshire, UK.

Harter T., R. D. Meyer, M. Campbell-Mathews, 1999, Shallow groundwater quality under dairies in Merced and Stanislaus County, Proceedings, 1999 California Plant and Soil Conference, California Chapter of American Society of Agronomy, pp. 122-127.

Campbell-Mathews, M., R. D. Meyer, T. Harter, 1999. Using dairy lagoon water to replace commercial fertilizer, Proceedings, 1999 California Plant and Soil Conference, California Chapter of American Society of Agronomy, pp. 133-138.

Harter, T., and D. Zhang, 1999. Water flow and solute spreading in heterogeneous soils with spatially variable water content, Water Resour. Res. 35(2), pp. 415-426.

Harter, T., T.C.J. Yeh, 1998. Flow in unsaturated random porous media, nonlinear numerical analysis, and comparison to analytic stochastic models, Adv. in Water Resour. 22(3), pp. 257-272.

Harter, T., K. Heeren, G. Weissmann, W.R. Horwath, J. Hopmans, 1999. Field Scale Characterization of a Heterogeneous, Moderately Deep Vadose Zone: The Kearney Research Site, Proceedings, Characterization and Measurement of the Hydraulic Properties of Unsaturated Porous Media, United States Salinity Laboratory, Riverside, California, pp. 621-630.

Harter, T., S. Wagner, E.R. Atwill, 1998. Groundwater protection: The fate of Cryptosporidium parvum in porous media, Proceedings, Groundwater Quality: Remediation and Protection 1998, IAHS Publication No. 250, pp. 75-77.

Harter, T., 1998. Uncertainty and risk analysis of contaminant transport, Proceedings, California Biennial Groundwater Conference, Sacramento, September 14-15, 1997, University of California Water Resources Center Report No. 95, pp. 97-107.

Harter T., 1996. On the usefulness of analytical stochastic models for solute transport in heterogeneous, variably saturated soils, 1996 ASAE Annual International Meeting, Phoenix, Arizona, July 1996, ASAE, St. Joseph, Michigan 49085.

Harter T., A.L. Gutjahr, T.-C.J. Yeh, 1996. Linearized co-simulation of hydraulic conductivity, pressure head, and flux in saturated and unsaturated, heterogeneous porous media, J. of Hydrology, 183, pp. 169-190.

Harter, T., T.C.J. Yeh, 1996. Stochastic analysis of solute transport in heterogeneous, variably saturated porous media, Water Resour. Res.,32, pp. 1585-1595.

Harter, T., T.C.J. Yeh, 1996. Conditional stochastic analysis of solute transport in heterogeneous, variably saturated soils, Water Resour. Res., 32, pp. 1597 - 1609.

Harter, T., D. Zhang, 1995. Conditional prediction of transport in unsaturated, heterogeneous porous media: Monte Carlo simulation versus Eulerian-Lagrangian theory, in: Wagner, B.J., T.H. Illangasekare, K.H. Jensen (eds.), Models for assessing and monitoring groundwater quality, IAHS Publication No. 227, pp.193-201.

Harter T., 1994. Unconditional and conditional simulation of flow and transport in heterogeneous, variably saturated porous media, PhD dissertation, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.

Harter T.., T.C.J. Yeh. 1993. An Efficient Method for Simulating Steady Unsaturated Flow in Random Porous Media: Using an Analytical Perturbation Solution as Initial Guess to a Numerical Model. Water Resources Research 29(12), pp. 4139-4149.

Yeh T.C.J., R. Srivastava, A. Guzman, Th. Harter. 1993. A Numerical Model for Water Flow and Chemical Transport in Variably Saturated Porous Media. Groundwater 31(4), pp. 634-644.

Harter T., G. Teutsch. 1990. Pesticide Transport Models: Comparison and Validation with Soil Column Leaching Experiments. in: Weigman D.L.. 1990. "Pesticides in the Next Decade: The Challenge Ahead", Proceedings of the Third National Research Conference on Pesticides, November 8-9, 1990, Virginia Water Resources Research Center. pp.725-750.

Shortcourses and Workshops Developed and Taught:

"Groundwater and Watersheds: An Introduction." 2-day short course. Sponsors/Coordinator: CA Groundwater Resources Association, University of California Cooperative Extension.

"Principles of Groundwater Flow and Transport Modeling." 3-day short course. Sponsors/Coordinator: CA Groundwater Resources Association, University of California Cooperative Extension.

"Introduction to Vadose Zone Hydrology." 3-day short course. Sponsor/Coordinator: CA Groundwater Resources Association and Cal/EPA Department of Toxic Substances Control.

"Groundwater, Wells, and Pumps: A Workshop for Growers." 1-day workshop. Sponsor/Coordinator: Local citizens groups, Cooperative Extension, Southern California Edison.

"Groundwater Quality Control and Monitoring on Dairies." 1/2-day workshop. Sponsor/Coordinator: University of California Cooperative Extension, Stanislaus and Tulare County.

"Drinking Water Source Assessment and Protection." 2-day short course. Sponsors/Coordinator: CA Groundwater Resources Association, CA Dept. of Health Services

"The Groundwater Workshop." 1-day workshop. Sponsor/Coordinator: The Water Awareness Committee of Monterey County, Inc.

"Applied Groundwater Hydrology: Principles, Measurements, and Interpretation." 2-day short course. Sponsor/Coordinator: Cal/EPA Department of Toxic Substances Control, CA Groundwater Resources Association and the University of California, Davis.